The essentials at a glance
- In high temperatures, you should take it easy and avoid putting too much strain on your circulation.
- Especially on summer holidays, we tend to make the most of the day, for example when hiking in the mountains or planning a bike ride.
- But usually, less is more—the day is supposed to be relaxing, after all.
- If you or someone accompanying you does suffer a circulatory collapse or heatstroke, first aid is essential.
In the case of heatstroke, the most important measure—and one you should take immediately—is to call the emergency services. Once that is done, you need to help the affected person; first aid is now required. You can also administer it to yourself if you are affected and the symptoms are not particularly severe. If you have a circulatory problem or sunstroke, you can take action yourself and do not need to call the emergency services.
Why does the body eventually struggle in the heat?
High temperatures cause our bodies to heat up as well. Our organism therefore looks for ways to compensate for this heat so that it does not develop into overheating. This is why we sweat. The blood vessels also dilate. If we are exposed to the heat for too long or overdo it with physical activities, these protective mechanisms eventually reach their limits. The tolerable level of exertion varies from person to person.
However, excessive sweating alone can lead to circulatory problems because we lose too much fluid and, along with it, salts. Overall, blood pressure drops, which can quickly lead to circulatory problems; symptoms may include headaches, discomfort and dizziness. If this happens, the affected person should urgently avoid direct sunlight. The ideal position is lying on their back with their legs elevated, while drinking fluids such as water or isotonic drinks.
Carry something for headaches
The drinks must not be cold under any circumstances, as this shocks the organism, which then tries to compensate for the large difference in temperature between the body and the fluid. This can in turn lead to even more sweating, which is precisely what should be avoided. At the same time, it does no harm to take something for a headache. It is always advisable to carry something suitable with you on hot summer days.
Sunstroke usually causes symptoms similar to those of a drop in blood pressure: dizziness and headaches, often accompanied by nausea or a racing pulse. First aid is administered in the same way as for circulatory problems: a calm position lying on the back, elevated legs and plenty of fluids.
First aid for heatstroke
A person suffering from heatstroke often initially shows signs of sunstroke. However, if this does not remain the case and symptoms such as chills, fever, a very red face, a stiff neck or impaired consciousness appear as well, the situation is extremely serious. After calling the emergency services, you can help the affected person until the paramedics arrive.
To do this, remove as much of their clothing as possible. If that is not possible, at least undo buttons and zippers to prevent further overheating. You can also lower their body temperature with cool water (it should not be ice-cold), allowing it to flow over the person’s chest. A damp, cool cloth or an unnecessary item of clothing can provide cooling if you place it under the neck of the affected person lying on their back.
